Why women are more likely than men to face poverty after retirement.

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CHICAGO -- During their working years, women tend to earn less than men, and when they retire, they're more likely to live in poverty.

These are women who raised children and cared for sick and elderly family members, often taking what savings and income they had and spending it on things besides their own retirement security.

Women's Initiatives

Participation of women with the development process has been constrained by their inability to influence policy making and planning, plus by their inability to change the patriarchal ideology which continues to legitimize their subordinate level in society.

Socio-Cultural Norms

Form policy environment, women have also been constrained by existing sociology-cultural norms through which they are regarded as inferior or second class citizens.

Academic Policies and Gender Discrimination.

Educational policies and educational plans have likewise limited the ability of women to fully utilize their intellectual energies in the management in their economies. African states inherited gender stereotyped educational systems from the colonial states. To date, little has become done to transform these gender typed systems.

Entry to Land and Unequal Division of Labour

Secure tenure systems, for instance, are based on discriminatory policies. While most African states have considered agriculture the backbone from the economies and acknowledge the significant role of women in the agricultural sector, few have paid much attention to the land tenure systems which might be discriminating against women.

The Policy Environment

Most development plans and policies of African states have been "gender blind. " The planning and policy making processes in the region have failed to appreciate the fact that women and men have different roles and that their needs and constraints are different.

WOMEN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development comes from a development process which enhances peoples' capacity to create and consume wealth on a lasting basis. Sustainable development requires, among other things, a socio-economic, political and cultural environment which enables people to engage in and sustain the development process. The political system should provide stability to allow people to engage in production. Intra-ethnic conflicts, tribal wars not to mention social tensions, as well as denial of basic human rights, constrain efforts to promote sustainable development. The social relationships between individuals and communities can as well promote or constrain sustainable development.

Sustainable Women

Holding up half the sky

"Women constitute one half of the world’s population,
they do two-thirds of the world’s work,
they earn one tenth of the world’s income and
they own one hundredth of the world’s property including land."

Women & sustainable development

 INTRODUCTION





Advancement has an effect on folks inside various areas of the entire world in numerous techniques. In addition, it has an effect on folks in different ways, dependent if they are usually female or male. Knowing this kind of, and also using that under consideration inside advancement organizing and also actions is well known nowadays since exercising any ‘gender perspective’.